What is the Holy Quran - The Book of Islam

The Qur'an is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be the verbatim word of God (Arabic: الله‎, Allah). It is regarded widely as the finest piece of literature in the Arabic language.

The Quran is composed of verses (Ayat) that make up 114 chapters (suras) of unequal length which are classified either as Meccan (المكية) or Medinan (المدينية) depending upon the place and time of their claimed revelation. Muslims believe the Quran to be verbally revealed through angel Jibrīl (Gabriel) from God to Hazrat Muhammad PBUH gradually over a period of approximately 23 years beginning on 22 December 609 CE, when Hazrat Muhammad PBUH was 40, and concluding in 632 CE, the year of his death.


Shortly after Hazrat Muhammad PBUH's death the Quran was compiled into a single book by order of the first Caliph Hazrat Abu Bakr and at the suggestion of his future successor Hazrat Umar. Hazrat Hafsa, Hazrat Muhammad PBUH's widow and Caliph Hazrat Umar's daughter, was entrusted with that Quranic text after the second Caliph Hazrat Umar died. When the third Caliph Hazrat Uthman began noticing slight differences in pronunciation of the Quranic Arabic by those whose dialect was not that of the Quraish, he sought Hazrat Hafsa's permission to use her text and commissioned a committee to produce a standard copy of the text of Quran to which added diacritical marks ensured correct pronunciation, and to be set as the standard dialect, the Quraish dialect, now known as Fus'ha (Modern Standard Arabic). Five of these original Qurans (Mus'haf) were sent to the major Muslim cities of the era, with Hazrat Uthman keeping one for his own use in Medina. Any variations to standardized text were invalidated and ordered to be destroyed, all other versions of the Quran copied by scribes subsequently were from this codex. This process of formalization is known as the "Uthmanic recension". The present form of the Quran text is accepted by most scholars as the original version compiled by Hazrat Abu Bakr.

Muslims regard the Quran as the main miracle of Hazrat Muhammad PBUH, the proof of his prophethood and the culmination of a series of divine messages that started with the messages revealed to Hazrat Adam, regarded as the first prophet, and continued with the Suhuf Ibrahim (Scrolls of Abraham), the Tawrat (Torah or Pentateuch) of Moses (Hazrat Musa), the Zabur (Tehillim or Book of Psalms) of David (Hazrat Daud), and the Injil (Gospel) of Jesus (Hazrat Israel). The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in Jewish and Christian scriptures, summarizing some, dwelling at length on others and in some cases presenting alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance, sometimes offering detailed accounts of specific historical events, and often emphasizing the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence.